The Printing Press and "Uncle Bill"

My grandfather “Uncle Bill” used a printing press in to make the Sliver Grippers. Here is some history and information on what the printing press is.

The printing press was invented in the 1430s and was number one on the Greatest Breakthroughs since the Wheel article I posted last week, so I thought that I would give it more credibility since I have posted a lot about inventions. 

The printing press was nominated by 10 of our 12 panelists, five of whom ranked it in their top three. Dyson described its invention as the turning point at which “knowledge began freely replicating and quickly assumed a life of its own.”

Wikipedia says:

A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. Typically used for texts, the invention and spread of the printing press was one of the most influential events in the second millennium.[1][2]

The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a printing system, by adapting existing technologies to printing purposes, as well as making inventions of his own. His newly devised hand mould made possible the precise and rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities. The printing press spread within several decades to over two hundred cities in a dozen European countries.[3] By 1500, printing presses in operation throughout Western Europe had already produced more than twenty million volumes.[3] In the 16th century, with presses spreading further afield, their output rose tenfold to an estimated 150 to 200 million copies.[3] The operation of a press became synonymous with the enterprise of printing, and lent its name to a new branch of media, "the press".[4]

In Renaissance Europe, the arrival of mechanical movable type printing introduced the era of mass communication, which permanently altered the structure of society. The relatively unrestricted circulation of information and (revolutionary) ideas transcended borders, captured the masses in the Reformation and threatened the power of political and religious authorities. The sharp increase in literacy broke the monopoly of the literate elite on education and learning and bolstered the emerging middle class. Across Europe, the increasing cultural self-awareness of its peoples led to the rise of proto-nationalism, and accelerated by the development of European vernacular languages, to the detriment of Latin's status as lingua franca.[5] In the 19th century, the replacement of the hand-operated Gutenberg-style press by steam-powered rotary presses allowed printing on an industrial scale.